Journal: Molecular Therapy Oncology

Article Title: Engineered Salmonella -mediated c-di-AMP delivery activates STING to remodel the tumor microenvironment

doi: 10.1016/j.omton.2026.201185

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of SL disA therapy on T cells and macrophage from tumor samples (A, B) Flow Cytometry analysis of CD3 and CD8 surface markers(A) and CD3 + CD8 + cells statistical graph (B). (C, D) Flow cytometry analysis of CD3 and CD4 surface markers (C) and CD3 + CD4 + cells statistical graph (D). (E, F) Flow cytometry analysis of F4/80 and CD86 surface markers (E) and F4/80 + CD86 + cells statistical graph (F). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 3. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: FITC anti-mouse F4/80 (clone CI: A3-1), APC anti-mouse CD86 (clone GL-1), FITC anti-mouse CD3 (clone 17A2), APC anti-mouse CD4 (clone GK1.5), and APC anti-mouse CD8 (clone YTS-169), all purchased from Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Intravesical folate-conjugated hydroxyethyl starch micelles for pH-triggered co-delivery of epirubicin and TLR7 agonist toward synergistic chemoimmunotherapy of bladder cancer

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102835

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) CLSM images of RAW 264.7 cells after treatment with LPS + IFN-γ and IL-4. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue), CD86 fluorescence displayed in green and CD206 fluorescence displayed in red. Scale bar: 10 μm; (B) Confocal imaging of CD86 and CD206 expression in M2-TAMs treated with free IMQ, FA-HES-EPI, and FA-HES-EPI/IMQ micelles. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue), CD86 fluorescence displayed in green and CD206 fluorescence displayed in red. Scale bar: 10 μm; (C) FCM analysis of expression of CD86 and CD206 after co-culturing M2-TAMs with different formulations; (D) Mean fluorescence intensity of CD86 and CD206 in M2-TAMs treated with different formulations. (n = 3), n.s.: p > 0.05, **p < 0.01and ****p < 0.0001 vs. the IL-4 group; ##p < 0.01and ####p < 0.0001 vs. the IL-4 group; (E) Expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells treated with free IMQ and FA-HES-EPI/IMQ micelles. (n = 3), n.s.: p > 0.05, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001; ####p < 0.0001; (F) Western blot analysis of TLR7/MyD88/NF-κB signaling in RAW 264.7 cells treated with free IMQ or FA-HES-EPI/IMQ micelles.

Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-CD86 polyclonal antibody, rabbit anti-CD206 polyclonal antibody, FITC goat anti-rabbit antibody, IgG/Alexa Fluor555 goat anti-rabbit antibody, APC anti-mouse CD206 antibody, PE anti-mouse CD86 antibody, purified anti-mouse CD16/32 antibody, intracellular Fixation/Permeabilization buffer kit, IL-6 ELISA kit and TNF-α ELISA kit were all purchased from Elabscience Biotechnology (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Staining, Fluorescence, Imaging, Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Veterinary Research Communications

Article Title: Extracellular vesicles from canine mammary tumor cells promote macrophage M2 polarization and enhance tumor progression

doi: 10.1007/s11259-026-11179-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of CIPp-EVs on macrophage polarization. DH82 cells were incubated with CIPp-EVs (39 µg/mL) for 36 h to evaluate EV-mediated polarization toward a tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-like phenotype. ( A ) Relative mRNA expression of M1- and M2-associated cytokines was quantified by qRT-PCR. EV-treated cells showed increased expression of M2 markers (CD206, VEGF-A, IL-10, and COX2) and reduced expression of M1 markers (iNOS and IL-6) compared with untreated controls. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 versus control. ( B ) Immunofluorescence staining of CD86⁺ (M1, red) and CD206⁺ (M2, green) cells. EV treatment increased the proportion of CD206⁺ cells. Scale bar: 100 μm. ( C ) Surface expression of CD86 + /CD206 − (M1) and CD86 − /CD206 + (M2) macrophages assessed by flow cytometry. Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05 by unpaired t-test analysis

Article Snippet: FITC-conjugated anti-mouse CD206 antibody (1:100 dilution, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA, #141703) and APC-conjugated anti-mouse CD86 antibody (1:10 dilution, Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, #130-102-558) were applied to the cells, followed by incubation for 1 h at 21 °C.

Techniques: Incubation, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Flow Cytometry